HISTORIA YA HIPHOP

Muziki wa hip hop

Muziki wa hip hop ni aina ya muziki ulioanza kunako miaka ya 1970, ukiwa umeanzishwa na Wamarekani weusi katika miji mikubwa ya Marekani. Hip hop mara nyingi inatumia staili moja ya kuimbaiitwayo kurap au kufokafoka.

Kurap ni staili ya uimbaji ambayo mwimbaji anatoa au anaimba maneno-mashairi yaambatanayo na vina. Mashairi mengi yaliyoimbwa katika muziki wa hip hop yalikuwa yakizungumzia maisha halisi ya watu weusi wa nchini Marekani, sanasana katika miji mikubwa.

Kuna baadhi ya mashairi ya muziki wa hip hop yanazungumzia wahuni, uharifu, na utumiaji haramu wa madawa ya kulevya. Muziki wa hip hop pia huchukua tabia (mwenendo) wa staili za muziki wa pop, yaani kama disko na reggae.

Soma zaidi[hariri]

• David Toop (1984/1991). Rap Attack II: African Rap To Global Hip Hop. New York. New York: Serpent's Tail. ISBN 1-85242-243-2.
• McLeod, Kembrew. Interview with Chuck D and Hank Shocklee. 2002. Stay Free Magazine.
• Yes Yes Y'All: Oral History of Hip Hop's First Decade. Fricke, Jim and Charlie Ahearn (eds). Experience Music Project. Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-306-81184-7
• Corvino, Daniel and Livernoche, Shawn (2000). A Brief History of Rhyme and Bass: Growing Up With Hip Hop. Tinicum, PA: Xlibris Corporation/The Lightning Source, Inc. ISBN 1-4010-2851-9
• Chang, Jeff. "Can't Stop, Won't Stop".
• Rose, Tricia (1994). "Black Noise". Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6275-0
• Potter, Russell (1995) Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip-Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-2626-2
• Light, Alan (ed). (1999). The VIBE History of Hip-Hop. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80503-7
• George, Nelson (2000, rev. 2005). Hip-Hop America. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-028022-7
• Fricke, Jim and Ahearn, Charlie (eds). (2002). Yes Yes Y'All: The Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop's First Decade. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81184-7
• Kitwana, Bakar (2004). The State of Hip-Hop Generation: how hip-hop's culture movement is evolving into political power. Retrieved 4 Desemba 2006. From Ohio Link Database.

Tazama pia[hariri]

• Lango la Hip Hop

Viungo vya nje[hariri]

• When did Reggae become Rap? by D.George
• Hip Hop Influenced Community by J. Boss
• "In the Heart of Freedom, In Chains": 2007 City Journal article on Hip Hop and Black America
• Olivo, W. (Machi 2001). "Phat Lines: Spelling Conventions in Rap Music". Written Language & Literacy 4 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1075/wll.4.1.05oli.
• McLeod, Kembrew. Interview with Chuck D and Hank Shocklee. 2002. Stay Free Magazine, issue 20. Retrieved from http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/20/public_enemy.html on 9 Julai 2006.
• Turk Hiphop Culture | www.TurkHiphop.Net